Technical data for Gold

Overview
NameGold
SymbolAu
Atomic Number79
Atomic Weight196.96655
Density19.3 g/cm3
Melting Point1064.18 °C
Boiling Point2856 °C

Thermal properties
PhaseSolid
Melting Point1064.18 °C
Boiling Point2856 °C
Absolute Melting Point1337.33 K
Absolute Boiling Point3129 K
Heat of Fusion12.5 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization330 kJ/mol
Heat of CombustionN/A
Specific Heat129.1 J/(kg K)[note]
Thermal Conductivity320 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion0.0000142 K-1

Bulk physical properties
Density19.3 g/cm3
Density (Liquid)17.31 g/cm3
Molar Volume0.00001021
Brinell Hardness2450 MPa
Mohs Hardness2.5 MPa
Vickers Hardness216 MPa
Bulk Modulus220 GPa
Shear Modulus27 GPa
Young Modulus78 GPa
Poisson Ratio0.44
Speed of Sound1740 m/s
Thermal Conductivity320 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion0.0000142 K-1

Reactivity
Valence5
Electronegativity2.54
ElectronAffinity222.8 kJ/mol
Ionization Energies
890.1, 1980 kJ/mol

Health and Safety
Autoignition PointN/A
FlashpointN/A

Classifications
Alternate NamesAurum
Nams of AllotropesNone
Blockd
Group11
Period6
Electron Configuration[Xe]4f145d106s1
ColorGold
Discovery
2500 BC
Gas phaseN/A
CAS NumberCAS7440-57-5

Electrical properties
Electrical TypeConductor
Electrical Conductivity4.5×107 S/m
Resistivity2.2×10-8 m Ω
Superconducting PointN/A

Magnetic properties
Magnetic TypeDiamagnetic
Curie PointN/A
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility-1.8×10-9
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility-3.55×10-10
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility-0.0000347

Abundances
% in Universe6×10-8%
% in Sun1×10-7%
% in Meteorites0.000017%
% in Earth's Crust3.1×10-7%
% in Oceans5×10-9%
% in Humans0.00001%

Atomic dimensions and structure
Atomic Radius174 pm
Covalent Radius144 pm
Van der Waals Radius166 pm
Crystal StructureFace Centered Cubic
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice Constants
407.82, 407.82, 407.82 pm
Space Group NameFm_ 3m
Space Group Number225

Nuclear Properties
Half-LifeStable
LifetimeStable
Stable Isotopes
197Au
Isotopic Abundances
197Au100%

Notes on the properties of Gold:
Specific Heat: Value given for solid phase.