Technical data for Gadolinium

Overview
NameGadolinium
SymbolGd
Atomic Number64
Atomic Weight157.25
Density7.901 g/cm3
Melting Point1313 °C
Boiling Point3250 °C

Thermal properties
PhaseSolid
Melting Point1313 °C
Boiling Point3250 °C
Absolute Melting Point1586 K
Absolute Boiling Point3523 K
Heat of Fusion10 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization305 kJ/mol
Heat of CombustionN/A
Specific Heat240 J/(kg K)[note]
Thermal Conductivity11 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion9.4×10-6 K-1

Bulk physical properties
Density7.901 g/cm3
Density (Liquid)7.4 g/cm3
Molar Volume0.000019903
Vickers Hardness570 MPa
Bulk Modulus38 GPa
Shear Modulus22 GPa
Young Modulus55 GPa
Poisson Ratio0.26
Speed of Sound2680 m/s
Thermal Conductivity11 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion9.4×10-6 K-1

Reactivity
Valence3
Electronegativity1.2
ElectronAffinity50 kJ/mol
Ionization Energies
593.4, 1170, 1990, 4250 kJ/mol

Health and Safety
Autoignition PointN/A
FlashpointN/A

Classifications
Alternate NamesNone
Nams of AllotropesNone
Blockf
GroupN/A
Period6
Electron Configuration[Xe]4f75d16s2
ColorSilver
Discovery
1880 in Switzerland
Gas phaseN/A
CAS NumberCAS7440-54-2

Electrical properties
Electrical TypeConductor
Electrical Conductivity7.7×105 S/m
Resistivity1.3×10-6 m Ω
Superconducting Point1.083

Magnetic properties
Magnetic TypeFerromagnetic
Curie Point292 K
Mass Magnetic SusceptibilityN/A
Molar Magnetic SusceptibilityN/A
Volume Magnetic SusceptibilityN/A

Abundances
% in Universe2×10-7%
% in Sun2×10-7%
% in Meteorites0.000023%
% in Earth's Crust0.00052%
% in Oceans7×10-11%
% in HumansN/A

Atomic dimensions and structure
Atomic Radius233 pm
Covalent RadiusN/A
Van der Waals RadiusN/A
Crystal StructureSimple Hexagonal
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice Constants
363.6, 363.6, 578.26 pm
Space Group NameP63/mmc
Space Group Number194

Nuclear Properties
Half-LifeStable
LifetimeStable
Stable Isotopes
154Gd, 155Gd, 156Gd, 157Gd, 158Gd, 160Gd
Isotopic Abundances
152Gd0.2%
154Gd2.18%
155Gd14.8%
156Gd20.47%
157Gd15.65%
158Gd24.84%
160Gd21.86%

Notes on the properties of Gadolinium:
Specific Heat: Value given for solid phase.