Technical data for Ruthenium

Overview
NameRuthenium
SymbolRu
Atomic Number44
Atomic Weight101.07
Density12.37 g/cm3
Melting Point2334 °C
Boiling Point4150 °C

Thermal properties
PhaseSolid
Melting Point2334 °C
Boiling Point4150 °C
Absolute Melting Point2607 K
Absolute Boiling Point4423 K
Heat of Fusion25.7 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization580 kJ/mol
Heat of CombustionN/A
Specific Heat238 J/(kg K)[note]
Thermal Conductivity120 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion6.4×10-6 K-1

Bulk physical properties
Density12.37 g/cm3
Density (Liquid)10.65 g/cm3
Molar Volume8.1706×10-6
Brinell Hardness2160 MPa
Mohs Hardness6.5 MPa
Bulk Modulus220 GPa
Shear Modulus173 GPa
Young Modulus447 GPa
Poisson Ratio0.3
Speed of Sound5970 m/s
Thermal Conductivity120 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion6.4×10-6 K-1

Reactivity
Valence6
Electronegativity2.2
ElectronAffinity101.3 kJ/mol
Ionization Energies
710.2, 1620, 2747 kJ/mol

Health and Safety
Autoignition PointN/A
FlashpointN/A

Classifications
Alternate NamesNone
Nams of AllotropesNone
Blockd
Group8
Period5
Electron Configuration[Kr]4d75s1
ColorSilver
Discovery
1844 in Russia
Gas phaseN/A
CAS NumberCAS7440-18-8

Electrical properties
Electrical TypeConductor
Electrical Conductivity1.4×107 S/m
Resistivity7.1×10-8 m Ω
Superconducting Point0.49

Magnetic properties
Magnetic TypeParamagnetic
Curie PointN/A
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility5.4×10-9
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility5.46×10-10
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility0.0000668

Abundances
% in Universe4×10-7%
% in Sun5×10-7%
% in Meteorites0.000081%
% in Earth's Crust9.9×10-8%
% in Oceans7×10-11%
% in HumansN/A

Atomic dimensions and structure
Atomic Radius178 pm
Covalent Radius126 pm
Van der Waals RadiusN/A
Crystal StructureSimple Hexagonal
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice Constants
270.59, 270.59, 428.15 pm
Space Group NameP63/mmc
Space Group Number194

Nuclear Properties
Half-LifeStable
LifetimeStable
Stable Isotopes
100Ru, 101Ru, 102Ru, 104Ru, 96Ru, 98Ru, 99Ru
Isotopic Abundances
100Ru12.6%
101Ru17.06%
102Ru31.55%
104Ru18.62%
96Ru5.54%
98Ru1.87%
99Ru12.76%

Notes on the properties of Ruthenium:
Specific Heat: Value given for solid phase.