Technical data for Scandium

Overview
NameScandium
SymbolSc
Atomic Number21
Atomic Weight44.95591
Density2.985 g/cm3
Melting Point1541 °C
Boiling Point2830 °C

Thermal properties
PhaseSolid
Melting Point1541 °C
Boiling Point2830 °C
Absolute Melting Point1814 K
Absolute Boiling Point3103 K
Heat of Fusion16 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization318 kJ/mol
Heat of CombustionN/A
Specific Heat567 J/(kg K)[note]
Thermal Conductivity16 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion0.0000102 K-1

Bulk physical properties
Density2.985 g/cm3
Density (Liquid)2.8 g/cm3
Molar Volume0.000015061
Brinell Hardness750 MPa
Bulk Modulus57 GPa
Shear Modulus29 GPa
Young Modulus74 GPa
Poisson Ratio0.28
Thermal Conductivity16 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion0.0000102 K-1

Reactivity
Valence3
Electronegativity1.36
ElectronAffinity18.1 kJ/mol
Ionization Energies
633.1, 1235, 2388.6, 7090.6, 8843, 10679, 13310, 15250, 17370, 21726, 24102, 66320, 73010, 80160, 89490, 9.74×104, 1.056×105, 1.17×105, 124270, 547530, 582163 kJ/mol

Health and Safety
Autoignition PointN/A
FlashpointN/A

Classifications
Alternate NamesNone
Nams of AllotropesNone
Blockd
Group3
Period4
Electron Configuration[Ar]3d14s2
ColorSilver
Discovery
1879 in Sweden
Gas phaseN/A
CAS NumberCAS7440-20-2

Electrical properties
Electrical TypeConductor
Electrical Conductivity1.8×106 S/m
Resistivity5.5×10-7 m Ω
Superconducting Point0.05

Magnetic properties
Magnetic TypeN/A
Curie PointN/A
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility8.8×10-8
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility3.956×10-9
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility0.0002627

Abundances
% in Universe3×10-6%
% in Sun4×10-6%
% in Meteorites0.00064%
% in Earth's Crust0.0026%
% in Oceans1.5×10-10%
% in HumansN/A

Atomic dimensions and structure
Atomic Radius184 pm
Covalent Radius144 pm
Van der Waals RadiusN/A
Crystal StructureSimple Hexagonal
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice Constants
330.9, 330.9, 527.33 pm
Space Group NameP63/mmc
Space Group Number194

Nuclear Properties
Half-LifeStable
LifetimeStable
Stable Isotopes
45Sc
Isotopic Abundances
45Sc100%

Notes on the properties of Scandium:
Specific Heat: Value given for solid phase.