Overview |
Name | Silicon |
Symbol | Si |
Atomic Number | 14 |
Atomic Weight | 28.0855 |
Density | 2.33 g/cm3 |
Melting Point | 1414 °C |
Boiling Point | 2.9×103 °C |
Thermal properties |
Phase | Solid |
Melting Point | 1414 °C |
Boiling Point | 2.9×103 °C |
Absolute Melting Point | 1687 K |
Absolute Boiling Point | 3173 K |
Heat of Fusion | 50.2 kJ/mol |
Heat of Vaporization | 359 kJ/mol |
Heat of Combustion | -9055 J/(kg K) |
Specific Heat | 710 J/(kg K)[note] |
Thermal Conductivity | 150 W/(m K) |
Thermal Expansion | 2.6×10-6 K-1 |
Bulk physical properties |
Density | 2.33 g/cm3 |
Density (Liquid) | 2.57 g/cm3 |
Molar Volume | 0.000012054 |
Brinell Hardness | N/A |
Mohs Hardness | 6.5 MPa |
Vickers Hardness | N/A |
Bulk Modulus | 100 GPa |
Shear Modulus | N/A |
Young Modulus | 47 GPa |
Poisson Ratio | N/A |
Refractive Index | N/A |
Speed of Sound | 2.2×103 m/s |
Thermal Conductivity | 150 W/(m K) |
Thermal Expansion | 2.6×10-6 K-1 |
Reactivity |
Valence | 4 |
Electronegativity | 1.9 |
ElectronAffinity | 133.6 kJ/mol |
Ionization Energies | 786.5, 1577.1, 3231.6, 4355.5, 16091, 19805, 23780, 29287, 33878, 38726 kJ/mol |
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Health and Safety |
Autoignition Point | 150 °C |
Flashpoint | N/A |
Heat of Combustion | -9055 J/(kg K) |
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Classifications |
Alternate Names | None |
Nams of Allotropes | None |
Block | p |
Group | 14 |
Period | 3 |
Electron Configuration | [Ne]3s23p2 |
Color | Gray |
Discovery | |
Gas phase | N/A |
CAS Number | CAS7440-21-3 |
Electrical properties |
Electrical Type | Semiconductor |
Electrical Conductivity | 1×103 S/m |
Resistivity | 0.001 m Ω |
Superconducting Point | N/A |
Magnetic properties |
Magnetic Type | Diamagnetic |
Curie Point | N/A |
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | -1.6×10-9 |
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | -4.49×10-11 |
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | -3.73×10-6 |
Abundances |
% in Universe | 0.07% |
% in Sun | 0.09% |
% in Meteorites | 14% |
% in Earth's Crust | 27% |
% in Oceans | 0.0001% |
% in Humans | 0.026% |
Atomic dimensions and structure |
Atomic Radius | 111 pm |
Covalent Radius | 111 pm |
Van der Waals Radius | 210 pm |
Crystal Structure | Tetrahedral Packing |
Lattice Angles | |
Lattice Constants | 543.09, 543.09, 543.09 pm |
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Space Group Name | Fd_
3m |
Space Group Number | 227 |
Nuclear Properties |
Half-Life | Stable |
Lifetime | Stable |
Stable Isotopes | |
Isotopic Abundances | 28Si | 92.2297% | 29Si | 4.6832% | 30Si | 3.0872% |
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